There are two categories of pale ales: American and English. Both pale ales are light to medium bodied, generally clear, and light yellow to light copper in color. Both styles are brewed to be refreshing and easy drinking beers. English Pale Ales, also known as bitters, generally have very little hop aroma. The malt in these beers produces a slight caramel or toasty flavor, yet are not overly sweet. Bitters are fairly low in alcohol; stylistically they range from 3.2 to 3.8% ABV. These beers have a low to moderate bitterness that can be earthy or spicy depending on the type of hops used. The traditional yeast used in these beers gives them a slight fruity ester. An ester is an aroma that can almost be tasted. Carbonation for English pale ales can range from low to medium depending on the serving method.